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Room of Japan · History

Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Osaka Castle

In short

Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified Japan at the end of the Sengoku period. In 1583 he began building Osaka Castle, a castle praised as the strongest in Japan. After his death it fell, and the Tokugawa buried it under a new castle.
Unified JapanOsaka Castle, 1583
豊臣秀吉Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Osaka Castle begun
September 1583
Unification
after defeating the Shimazu and the Hojo
His castle today
buried under the Tokugawa castle
Seen again
stone wall dug up in 1984

From the City of Osaka, the Osaka Castle Museum and the National Archives of Japan.

Unifying the country

Hideyoshi made Tokugawa Ieyasu serve him in 1586. He then attacked the Shimazu family of Kyushu and destroyed the Hojo family of Odawara, and unified the country.

In 1590 he ordered Ieyasu to move to the Kanto region.

In 1580, when Himeji Castle was given to him for his campaign in western Japan, he built a three-story keep there.

Osaka Castle

The site was first the Ishiyama temple of the Honganji sect, founded by Rennyo. It burned after an 11-year war with Oda Nobunaga, and then Hideyoshi began to build a castle fit for the ruler of the country.

Work on Hideyoshi’s Osaka Castle began in September 1583. Few records remain from that time, so its full shape is not exactly known.

The castle was praised as “unrivaled in the three countries” and “the strongest in Japan”.

The castle under the castle

After Hideyoshi died, the castle fell in the Summer Siege of Osaka. When the Tokugawa shogunate rebuilt Osaka Castle, it buried Hideyoshi’s castle under a thick layer of earth.

The walls and moats of today’s Osaka Castle were all built by the Tokugawa shogunate in the Edo period, in three stages from 1620 to 1629.

In 1984, a dig found a stone wall from Hideyoshi’s time. It can now be seen underground at the Toyotomi Stone Wall Museum. The present main keep was rebuilt in 1931 with money given by the people of Osaka.

Think about it

There is no single right answer. Talking it over with someone at home is a good way to learn.

Did you know? — Hideyoshi’s Osaka Castle lies buried under the castle you can see today.
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About this page
Osaka Castle: City of Osaka, “Osaka Castle site (main keep)” (Japanese), Osaka Castle Museum, “Toyotomi Stone Wall Museum” (Japanese)
Unification: National Archives of Japan, “Tokugawa Ieyasu”: serving Hideyoshi (Japanese)
Himeji: City of Himeji, “History of Himeji Castle” (Japanese), “World Heritage, National Treasure Himeji Castle” (Japanese)
Written by CCN CO., LTD.
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