Terakoya by CCN
Back to the Room of Japan
33
Room of Japan · History

The Heian period

In short

The Heian period lasted about 400 years. The capital moved to Heian-kyo (Kyoto) in 794, court culture produced The Tale of Genji, and by the late 12th century warriors had taken power.
About 400 yearsCapital: Heian-kyo
平安時代The Heian period
Capital
Heian-kyo (Kyoto) from 794
Real power
the Fujiwara, then retired emperors
Famous book
The Tale of Genji
End
late 12th century

From the Japan Cultural Expo (Agency for Cultural Affairs and Japan Arts Council).

A new capital

In 784 the capital moved from Heijo-kyo (Nara) to Nagaoka-kyo. Only ten years later, in 794, it moved again to Heian-kyo, today’s Kyoto.

Apart from one short move, the capital stayed there for more than 1,100 years, until Tokyo became the capital in 1868.

Nobles and court culture

At first the ritsuryo system, with the Emperor at its center, still worked. From the late 9th century, the Fujiwara family, related to the Emperor through their mothers, held real power as the Emperor’s advisers.

In the 11th century a court culture bloomed in the capital, shown in stories such as The Tale of Genji.

From the late 11th century, retired emperors ruled from behind the scenes.

The rise of the warriors

In the 10th century, armed lords and fighters became strong in many regions.

The Imperial family and the Fujiwara built up warrior groups, the Taira and the Minamoto, as their own forces. In this way the warriors (samurai) came into politics, and the Taira took power in the late 12th century.

From then until the end of the Edo period, the warrior class in effect ruled Japan.

Think about it

There is no single right answer. Talking it over with someone at home is a good way to learn.

Did you know? — The capital was in Nagaoka-kyo for only ten years before it moved to Heian-kyo in 794.
Next steps
About this page
All facts: Japan Cultural Expo, “Timeline of Japanese History Part 2: The Heian Period”
Written by CCN CO., LTD.
Back to the Room of Japan